was independently proposed by

См. также в других словарях:

• List of multiple discoveries — Main article: Multiple discovery Copernicus …   Wikipedia

• List of independent discoveries — Independent discoveries in science, termed multiples by Robert K. Merton, are instances in which similar discoveries are made by scientists working independently of each other. [http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0226520714 id=eprv7hMdO IC… …   Wikipedia

• Quark — In physics, a quark (IPAEng|kwɔrk, IPAEng|kwɑːk or IPAEng|kwɑːrk) is a type of subatomic particle. [cite web |title=Fundamental Particles |publisher=Oxford Physics |url=http://www.physics.ox.ac.uk/documents/pUS/dIS/fundam.htm |accessdate=2008 06… …   Wikipedia

• Neural network — For other uses, see Neural network (disambiguation). Simplified view of a feedforward artificial neural network The term neural network was traditionally used to refer to a network or circuit of biological neurons.[1] The modern usage of the term …   Wikipedia

• Natural deduction — In logic and proof theory, natural deduction is a kind of proof calculus in which logical reasoning is expressed by inference rules closely related to the natural way of reasoning. This contrasts with the axiomatic systems which instead use… …   Wikipedia

• One-way compression function — In cryptography, a one way compression function is a function that transforms two fixed length inputs to an output of the same size as one of the inputs. The transformation is one way , meaning that it is difficult given a particular output to… …   Wikipedia

• Murray Gell-Mann — lecturing at TED in 2007 Born September 15, 19 …   Wikipedia

• Non-coding RNA — A non coding RNA (ncRNA) is a functional RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. Less frequently used synonyms are non protein coding RNA (npcRNA), non messenger RNA (nmRNA) and functional RNA (fRNA). The term small RNA (sRNA) is… …   Wikipedia

• CNO cycle — Overview of the CNO I Cycle. The CNO cycle (for carbon–nitrogen–oxygen) is one of two sets of fusion reactions by which stars convert hydrogen to helium, the other being the proton–proton chain. Unlike the proton–proton chain reaction, the CNO… …   Wikipedia

• Quantum suicide and immortality — In quantum mechanics, quantum suicide was a thought experiment. It was independently proposed in 1987 by Hans Moravec and in 1988 by Bruno Marchal, and further developed by Max Tegmark in 1998, [Tegmark, Max [http://www.arxiv.org/abs/quant… …   Wikipedia

• Magnetic refrigeration — Gadolinium alloy heats up inside the magnetic field and loses thermal energy to the environment, so it exits the field cooler than when it entered. Magnetic refrigeration is a cooling technology based on the magnetocaloric effect. This technique… …   Wikipedia